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But Loeb says that ‘Oumuamua showed no evidence of material being ejected. Comets outgas material and this acts like a rocket exhaust, pushing them in the opposite direction. Something was pushing it away from the Sun. The most striking thing about ‘Oumuamua was that it wasn’t moving like a body influenced solely by the Sun’s gravity. ‘Oumuamua wildly varied the amount of light it reflected, indicating it had an extreme shape, most likely that of a flat pancake the size of a football pitch. It was quickly recognised to be travelling too fast to be a body trapped by the Sun’s gravity. That was where ‘Oumuamua was spotted in late 2017 by the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS) at Haleakala Observatory in Hawaii. It was the first known interstellar object to visit our Solar System © ESO/M Kornmesser ‘Oumuamua was discovered by the Pan-STARRS telescope in 2017. And he does not mean only on the surface of bodies in the Solar System, he means the space between the planets too. “Similarly, we should look for things that differ from rocks,” says Loeb. However, Loeb says if a caveman picked up a mobile phone, he would know it was different from a rock – though its purpose would be mysterious. Alien civilisations could be as far from us in evolutionary terms as we are from ants. Recognising an alien technological artefact might not be easy. Nevertheless, a lot of this ground has been trodden by writers like Clarke. Loeb says he is not fond of science fiction. Left by extraterrestrials who passed through the Solar System millions of years earlier, it is a ‘baby alarm’, put there to warn its makers when life on the third planet from the Sun emerges from its terrestrial cradle and crosses the gulf of space to the Moon. Inevitably, this conjures up images of the film version of another of Clarke’s stories, 2001: A Space Odyssey, in which a buried alien monolith is excavated in the Moon’s Tycho Crater. The monolith from 2001: A Space Odyssey was placed on the Moon by an alien civilisation to alert its makers when intelligent life evolved © Alamy “We should scour its surface for equipment we did not send.” But other bodies in the Solar System, with surfaces that do not change, like the Moon, would be a better bet.
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The Earth has weather and geological activity which re-mould its surface, so any alien artefacts would be very hard to find. In 1996, Dr Alexey Arkhipov of the Institute of Radio Astronomy in Kharkiv, Ukraine, pointed out that bits of our own space technology are unavoidably ejected from the Solar System by events such as collisions in space and explosions, and that the same thing should happen in reverse, with material from alien spacefaring civilisations ending up in the Solar System.īy estimating that 1 per cent of nearby stars have been home to technological civilisations and that, over their history, they turn 1 per cent of the material of their asteroids into the extraterrestrial equivalent of consumer goods, Arkhipov concluded that the Earth, in its history, would have accumulated about 4,000 extraterrestrial artefacts the size of a Marmite jar. Prof Avi Loeb: Could ‘Oumuamua be our first recorded brush with alien technology?Īlien technology could end up in our backyard either by design or by accident.SETI begins search for 'technosignatures' in the hunt for alien life.Should we be signalling our existence to alien life?.The best place to look for artefacts, says Loeb, is in the Solar System – our ‘mailbox’, where extraterrestrial ‘packages’ have been able to accumulate for 4.55 billion years.
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He points out, though, that “very little searching is being done”. “However, I would agree, that so-called artefact SETI seems to have got more traction lately,” says Prof Jason Wright, an astronomer and astrophysicist at Pennsylvania State University. Not everyone agrees about this shift in emphasis of SETI. “I think a better strategy is to look for artefacts: alien tech.” “That search is predicated on the assumption that extraterrestrials communicate via radio waves, a technology we have used for just over a century and which advanced extraterrestrials may have long ago left behind,” he adds. “For 70 years we’ve been barking up the wrong tree,” he says, alluding to the 70-odd years astronomers have been searching for intelligent radio signals from our Galaxy.